回答

共有六种方法，第三种查询效率最高：

1：SELECT * FROM tablename ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 想要获取的数据条数；

2：SELECT *FROM `table` WHERE id >= (SELECT FLOOR( MAX(id) * RAND()) FROM `table` ) ORDER BY id LIMIT 想要获取的数据条数;

3：SELECT * FROM `table` AS t1 JOIN (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)) AS id) AS t2 WHERE t1.id >= t2.id

ORDER BY t1.id ASC LIMIT 想要获取的数据条数;

4：SELECT * FROM `table`WHERE id >= (SELECT floor(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`))) ORDER BY id LIMIT 想要获取的数据条数;

5：SELECT * FROM `table` WHERE id >= (SELECT floor( RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)) + (SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`))) ORDER BY id LIMIT 想要获取的数据条数;

6：SELECT * FROM `table` AS t1 JOIN (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`))+(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)) AS id) AS t2 WHERE t1.id >= t2.id ORDER BY t1.id LIMIT 想要获取的数据条数;

查询效率比较：1的查询时间>>2的查询时间>>5的查询时间>6的查询时间>4的查询时间>3的查询时间。