在Java中操作MySQL数据库,通常使用JDBC(Java Database Connectivity)API。以下是一个简单的示例,展示了如何连接到MySQL数据库、执行增删改查操作。
import java.sql.*;
public class MySQLExample {
// JDBC URL, username, and password of MySQL server
static final String JDBC_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb";
static final String USER = "username";
static final String PASS = "password";
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
// 1. Register JDBC driver
Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
// 2. Open a connection
System.out.println("Connecting to database...");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(JDBC_URL, USER, PASS);
// 3. Execute a query
System.out.println("Creating statement...");
stmt = conn.createStatement();
// Insert operation
String sqlInsert = "INSERT INTO employees (id, name, age, position) VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 30, 'Manager')";
stmt.executeUpdate(sqlInsert);
System.out.println("Inserted record into the table...");
// Update operation
String sqlUpdate = "UPDATE employees SET age = 31 WHERE id = 1";
stmt.executeUpdate(sqlUpdate);
System.out.println("Updated record in the table...");
// Delete operation
String sqlDelete = "DELETE FROM employees WHERE id = 1";
stmt.executeUpdate(sqlDelete);
System.out.println("Deleted record from the table...");
// Select operation
String sqlSelect = "SELECT id, name, age, position FROM employees";
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sqlSelect);
// Extract data from result set
while (rs.next()) {
// Retrieve by column name
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String position = rs.getString("position");
// Display values
System.out.print("ID: " + id);
System.out.print(", Name: " + name);
System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
System.out.println(", Position: " + position);
}
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException se) {
// Handle errors for JDBC
se.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
// Handle errors for Class.forName
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// Finally block used to close resources
try {
if (stmt != null)
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException se2) {
} // nothing we can do
try {
if (conn != null)
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException se) {
se.printStackTrace();
} // end finally try
} // end try
System.out.println("Goodbye!");
} // end main
} // end MySQLExample 说明注册JDBC驱动:
使用Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver")注册MySQL JDBC驱动。打开连接:
使用DriverManager.getConnection(JDBC_URL, USER, PASS)连接到MySQL数据库。创建Statement对象:
使用conn.createStatement()创建一个Statement对象,用于执行SQL语句。执行增删改查操作:
使用stmt.executeUpdate(sql)执行插入、更新和删除操作。使用stmt.executeQuery(sql)执行查询操作,并使用ResultSet对象处理查询结果。关闭资源:
在finally块中关闭Statement和Connection对象,释放资源。依赖管理如果你使用Maven来管理项目依赖,可以在pom.xml中添加以下依赖:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.23</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies> 这样,你就可以在Java项目中使用JDBC API来操作MySQL数据库了。
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