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回答

在Spring Boot应用中,使用Redis来存储Session会话以实现分布式会话管理是一个常见的做法。这样可以确保多个服务器实例之间共享用户会话,从而实现高可用性和负载均衡。下面是如何在Spring Boot中配置和使用Redis来存储Session会话的步骤:

1. 添加依赖

首先,在你的pom.xml文件中添加Spring Session和Redis的依赖:

<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring Boot Starter Web -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Spring Boot Starter Data Redis -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Spring Session Data Redis -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.session</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-session-data-redis</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
2. 配置Redis连接

在application.properties或application.yml文件中配置Redis连接信息:

application.properties
spring.redis.host=localhost
spring.redis.port=6379
spring.redis.password=yourpassword
spring.session.store-type=redis
application.yml
spring:
  redis:
    host: localhost
    port: 6379
    password: yourpassword
  session:
    store-type: redis
3. 配置Spring Session

在Spring Boot应用的配置类中启用Spring Session:

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.session.data.redis.config.annotation.web.http.EnableRedisHttpSession;

@Configuration
@EnableRedisHttpSession
public class SessionConfig {
    // 可以在这里进行其他配置,例如设置Session超时时间等
}
4. 可选配置(自定义Redis配置)

如果你需要自定义Redis连接工厂或者其他Redis相关配置,可以在配置类中进行:

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettuceConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;

@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {

    @Bean
    public RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory() {
        return new LettuceConnectionFactory("localhost", 6379);
    }

    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
        RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
        template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
        template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        template.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
        return template;
    }
}
5. 使用Session

现在,Spring Boot已经配置好了使用Redis来存储Session会话。你可以像平常一样使用HttpSession来管理会话:

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/session")
public class SessionController {

    @GetMapping("/set")
    public String setSession(HttpSession session) {
        session.setAttribute("username", "testuser");
        return "Session attribute 'username' set to 'testuser'";
    }

    @GetMapping("/get")
    public String getSession(HttpSession session) {
        return "Session attribute 'username': " + session.getAttribute("username");
    }
}
总结

通过上述步骤,你已经成功配置了Spring Boot应用使用Redis来存储Session会话,实现了分布式会话管理。

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